Versatile Energy-Based Probabilistic Models for High Energy Physics

Taoli Cheng, Aaron C. Courville
2/12/2026

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Abstract

As a classical generative modeling approach, energy-based models have the natural advantage of flexibility in the form of the energy function. Recently, energy-based models have achieved great success in modeling high-dimensional data in computer vision and natural language processing. In line with these advancements, we build a multi-purpose energy-based probabilistic model for High Energy Physics events at the Large Hadron Collider. This framework builds on a powerful generative model and describes higher-order inter-particle interactions.It suits different encoding architectures and builds on implicit generation. As for applicational aspects, it can serve as a powerful parameterized event generator for physics simulation, a generic anomalous signal detector free from spurious correlations, and an augmented event classifier for particle identification.

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@article{cheng2026versatile,
  title  = {Versatile Energy-Based Probabilistic Models for High Energy Physics},
  author = {Taoli Cheng and Aaron C. Courville},
  year   = {2026},
  eprint = {2302.00695},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.00695},
  journal = {NEURIPS 2023 2023}
}

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