Distributional Bellman Operators over Mean Embeddings

Wenliang Kevin Li, Gr'egoire D'eletang, Matthew Aitchison, Marcus Hutter, Anian Ruoss +2 more
2/12/2026

No official code found. Best implementation: google-deepmind/sketch_dqn (4 stars, Apache-2.0, last commit 2026-04-13).

Abstract

We propose a novel algorithmic framework for distributional reinforcement learning, based on learning finite-dimensional mean embeddings of return distributions. We derive several new algorithms for dynamic programming and temporal-difference learning based on this framework, provide asymptotic convergence theory, and examine the empirical performance of the algorithms on a suite of tabular tasks. Further, we show that this approach can be straightforwardly combined with deep reinforcement learning, and obtain a new deep RL agent that improves over baseline distributional approaches on the Arcade Learning Environment.

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Apache-2.0
41Shell, PythonFeb 27, 20246 months agoApache-2.0

Cite this paper

@article{li2026distributional,
  title  = {Distributional Bellman Operators over Mean Embeddings},
  author = {Wenliang Kevin Li and Gr'egoire D'eletang and Matthew Aitchison and Marcus Hutter and Anian Ruoss and Arthur Gretton and Mark Rowland},
  year   = {2026},
  eprint = {2312.07358},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.07358},
  journal = {ICML 2023 2023}
}

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