The Science of Evaluating Foundation Models

Jiayi Yuan, Jiamu Zhang, Andrew Wen, Xia Hu
2/12/2025
cs.CLcs.AI

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Abstract

The emergent phenomena of large foundation models have revolutionized natural language processing. However, evaluating these models presents significant challenges due to their size, capabilities, and deployment across diverse applications. Existing literature often focuses on individual aspects, such as benchmark performance or specific tasks, but fails to provide a cohesive process that integrates the nuances of diverse use cases with broader ethical and operational considerations. This work focuses on three key aspects: (1) Formalizing the Evaluation Process by providing a structured framework tailored to specific use-case contexts, (2) Offering Actionable Tools and Frameworks such as checklists and templates to ensure thorough, reproducible, and practical evaluations, and (3) Surveying Recent Work with a targeted review of advancements in LLM evaluation, emphasizing real-world applications.

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Cite this paper

@article{yuan2025science,
  title  = {The Science of Evaluating Foundation Models},
  author = {Jiayi Yuan and Jiamu Zhang and Andrew Wen and Xia Hu},
  year   = {2025},
  eprint = {2502.09670},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.09670v1}
}

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