Quantum-aware Transformer model for state classification

Abstract

Entanglement is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, playing a crucial role in quantum information processing. However, classifying entangled states, particularly in the mixed-state regime, remains a challenging problem, especially as system dimensions increase. In this work, we focus on bipartite quantum states and present a data-driven approach to entanglement classification using transformer-based neural networks. Our dataset consists of a diverse set of bipartite states, including pure separable states, Werner entangled states, general entangled states, and maximally entangled states. We pretrain the transformer in an unsupervised fashion by masking elements of vectorized Hermitian matrix representations of quantum states, allowing the model to learn structural properties of quantum density matrices. This approach enables the model to generalize entanglement characteristics across different classes of states. Once trained, our method achieves near-perfect classification accuracy, effectively distinguishing between separable and entangled states. Compared to previous Machine Learning, our method successfully adapts transformers for quantum state analysis, demonstrating their ability to systematically identify entanglement in bipartite systems. These results highlight the potential of modern machine learning techniques in automating entanglement detection and classification, bridging the gap between quantum information theory and artificial intelligence.