Material Identification Via RFID For Smart Shopping

Abstract

Cashierless stores rely on computer vision and RFID tags to associate shoppers with items, but concealed items placed in backpacks, pockets, or bags create challenges for theft prevention. We introduce a system that turns existing RFID tagged items into material sensors by exploiting how different containers attenuate and scatter RF signals. Using RSSI and phase angle, we trained a neural network to classify seven common containers. In a simulated retail environment, the model achieves 89% accuracy with one second samples and 74% accuracy from single reads. Incorporating distance measurements, our system achieves 82% accuracy across 0.3-2m tag to reader separations. When deployed at aisle or doorway choke points, the system can flag suspicious events in real time, prompting camera screening or staff intervention. By combining material identification with computer vision tracking, our system provides proactive loss prevention for cashierless retail while utilizing existing infrastructure.