X-Driver: Explainable Autonomous Driving with Vision-Language Models

Wei Liu, Jiyuan Zhang, Binxiong Zheng, Yufeng Hu, Yingzhan Lin +1 more
5/8/2025
cs.ROcs.CLcs.CV

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Abstract

End-to-end autonomous driving has advanced significantly, offering benefits such as system simplicity and stronger driving performance in both open-loop and closed-loop settings than conventional pipelines. However, existing frameworks still suffer from low success rates in closed-loop evaluations, highlighting their limitations in real-world deployment. In this paper, we introduce X-Driver, a unified multi-modal large language models(MLLMs) framework designed for closed-loop autonomous driving, leveraging Chain-of-Thought(CoT) and autoregressive modeling to enhance perception and decision-making. We validate X-Driver across multiple autonomous driving tasks using public benchmarks in CARLA simulation environment, including Bench2Drive[6]. Our experimental results demonstrate superior closed-loop performance, surpassing the current state-of-the-art(SOTA) while improving the interpretability of driving decisions. These findings underscore the importance of structured reasoning in end-to-end driving and establish X-Driver as a strong baseline for future research in closed-loop autonomous driving.

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@article{liu2025xdriver,
  title  = {X-Driver: Explainable Autonomous Driving with Vision-Language Models},
  author = {Wei Liu and Jiyuan Zhang and Binxiong Zheng and Yufeng Hu and Yingzhan Lin and Zengfeng Zeng},
  year   = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.05098},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05098v2}
}

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