Upgrade or Switch: Do We Need a Next-Gen Trusted Architecture for the Internet of AI Agents?

Ramesh Raskar, Pradyumna Chari, Jared James Grogan, Mahesh Lambe, Robert Lincourt +9 more
6/13/2025
cs.NIcs.AIcs.MA

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Abstract

The emerging Internet of AI Agents challenges existing web infrastructure designed for human-scale, reactive interactions. Unlike traditional web resources, autonomous AI agents initiate actions, maintain persistent state, spawn sub-agents, and negotiate directly with peers: demanding millisecond-level discovery, instant credential revocation, and cryptographic behavioral proofs that exceed current DNS/PKI capabilities. This paper analyzes whether to upgrade existing infrastructure or implement purpose-built index architectures for autonomous agents. We identify critical failure points: DNS propagation (24-48 hours vs. required milliseconds), certificate revocation unable to scale to trillions of entities, and IPv4/IPv6 addressing inadequate for agent-scale routing. We evaluate three approaches: (1) Upgrade paths, (2) Switch options, (3) Hybrid index/registries. Drawing parallels to dialup-to-broadband transitions, we find that agent requirements constitute qualitative, and not incremental, changes. While upgrades offer compatibility and faster deployment, clean-slate solutions provide better performance but require longer for adoption. Our analysis suggests hybrid approaches will emerge, with centralized indexes for critical agents and federated meshes for specialized use cases.

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@article{raskar2025upgrade,
  title  = {Upgrade or Switch: Do We Need a Next-Gen Trusted Architecture for the Internet of AI Agents?},
  author = {Ramesh Raskar and Pradyumna Chari and Jared James Grogan and Mahesh Lambe and Robert Lincourt and Raghu Bala and Aditi Joshi and Abhishek Singh and Ayush Chopra and Rajesh Ranjan and Shailja Gupta and Dimitris Stripelis and Maria Gorskikh and Sichao Wang},
  year   = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.12003},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12003v2}
}

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