Agent4S: The Transformation of Research Paradigms from the Perspective of Large Language Models

Boyuan Zheng, Zerui Fang, Zhe Xu, Rui Wang, Yiwen Chen +11 more
6/30/2025
cs.AI

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Abstract

While AI for Science (AI4S) serves as an analytical tool in the current research paradigm, it doesn't solve its core inefficiency. We propose "Agent for Science" (Agent4S)-the use of LLM-driven agents to automate the entire research workflow-as the true Fifth Scientific Paradigm. This paper introduces a five-level classification for Agent4S, outlining a clear roadmap from simple task automation to fully autonomous, collaborative "AI Scientists." This framework defines the next revolutionary step in scientific discovery.

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Cite this paper

@article{zheng2025agents,
  title  = {Agent4S: The Transformation of Research Paradigms from the Perspective of Large Language Models},
  author = {Boyuan Zheng and Zerui Fang and Zhe Xu and Rui Wang and Yiwen Chen and Cunshi Wang and Mengwei Qu and Lei Lei and Zhen Feng and Yan Liu and Yuyang Li and Mingzhou Tan and Jiaji Wu and Jianwei Shuai and Jia Li and Fangfu Ye},
  year   = {2025},
  eprint = {2506.23692},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.23692v1}
}

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