TreeReader: A Hierarchical Academic Paper Reader Powered by Language Models

Zijian Zhang, Pan Chen, Fangshi Du, Runlong Ye, Oliver Huang +2 more
7/25/2025
cs.HCcs.AIcs.CL

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Abstract

Efficiently navigating and understanding academic papers is crucial for scientific progress. Traditional linear formats like PDF and HTML can cause cognitive overload and obscure a paper's hierarchical structure, making it difficult to locate key information. While LLM-based chatbots offer summarization, they often lack nuanced understanding of specific sections, may produce unreliable information, and typically discard the document's navigational structure. Drawing insights from a formative study on academic reading practices, we introduce TreeReader, a novel language model-augmented paper reader. TreeReader decomposes papers into an interactive tree structure where each section is initially represented by an LLM-generated concise summary, with underlying details accessible on demand. This design allows users to quickly grasp core ideas, selectively explore sections of interest, and verify summaries against the source text. A user study was conducted to evaluate TreeReader's impact on reading efficiency and comprehension. TreeReader provides a more focused and efficient way to navigate and understand complex academic literature by bridging hierarchical summarization with interactive exploration.

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Cite this paper

@article{zhang2025treereader,
  title  = {TreeReader: A Hierarchical Academic Paper Reader Powered by Language Models},
  author = {Zijian Zhang and Pan Chen and Fangshi Du and Runlong Ye and Oliver Huang and Michael Liut and Alán Aspuru-Guzik},
  year   = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.18945},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.18945v1}
}

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