An Economy of AI Agents

Gillian K. Hadfield, Andrew Koh
9/1/2025
econ.GNcs.AIcs.MA

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Abstract

In the coming decade, artificially intelligent agents with the ability to plan and execute complex tasks over long time horizons with little direct oversight from humans may be deployed across the economy. This chapter surveys recent developments and highlights open questions for economists around how AI agents might interact with humans and with each other, shape markets and organizations, and what institutions might be required for well-functioning markets.

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Cite this paper

@article{hadfield2025economy,
  title  = {An Economy of AI Agents},
  author = {Gillian K. Hadfield and Andrew Koh},
  year   = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.01063},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01063v1}
}

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