Contemporary Agent Technology: LLM-Driven Advancements vs Classic Multi-Agent Systems

Costin Bădică, Amelia Bădică, Maria Ganzha, Mirjana Ivanović, Marcin Paprzycki +2 more
9/2/2025
cs.MAcs.AI

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Abstract

This contribution provides our comprehensive reflection on the contemporary agent technology, with a particular focus on the advancements driven by Large Language Models (LLM) vs classic Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). It delves into the models, approaches, and characteristics that define these new systems. The paper emphasizes the critical analysis of how the recent developments relate to the foundational MAS, as articulated in the core academic literature. Finally, it identifies key challenges and promising future directions in this rapidly evolving domain.

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@article{bdic2025contemporary,
  title  = {Contemporary Agent Technology: LLM-Driven Advancements vs Classic Multi-Agent Systems},
  author = {Costin Bădică and Amelia Bădică and Maria Ganzha and Mirjana Ivanović and Marcin Paprzycki and Dan Selişteanu and Zofia Wrona},
  year   = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.02515},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02515v1}
}

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