Envy-Free but Still Unfair: Envy-Freeness Up To One Item (EF-1) in Personalized Recommendation

Amanda Aird, Ben Armstrong, Nicholas Mattei, Robin Burke
9/10/2025
cs.IRcs.AI

No confident code implementation found for this paper. 1 possible match can be shown below.

Abstract

Envy-freeness and the relaxation to Envy-freeness up to one item (EF-1) have been used as fairness concepts in the economics, game theory, and social choice literatures since the 1960s, and have recently gained popularity within the recommendation systems communities. In this short position paper we will give an overview of envy-freeness and its use in economics and recommendation systems; and illustrate why envy is not appropriate to measure fairness for use in settings where personalization plays a role.

View on arXivView PDF

Code Implementations

No confident code match yet

We couldn't find an author-owned or strongly-evidenced community implementation for this paper. 1 weaker match is hidden by default — verify before relying on them.

No code implementations found yet.

Know of an implementation? Let us know in the comments below!

Similar Papers

Harm Ratio: A Novel and Versatile Fairness Criterion

84% match2024

Simultaneously Fair Allocation of Indivisible Items Across Multiple Dimensions

82% match2025

Envious Explore and Exploit

82% match2025

Fairness Vs. Personalization: Towards Equity in Epistemic Utility

81% match2023

FEIR: Quantifying and Reducing Envy and Inferiority for Fair Recommendation of Limited Resources

81% match2023

Using Protected Attributes to Consider Fairness in Multi-Agent Systems

81% match2024

Cite this paper

@article{aird2025envyfree,
  title  = {Envy-Free but Still Unfair: Envy-Freeness Up To One Item (EF-1) in Personalized Recommendation},
  author = {Amanda Aird and Ben Armstrong and Nicholas Mattei and Robin Burke},
  year   = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.09037},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09037v1}
}

Add a badge to your README

Shows whether official code is linked for this paper.

Code of Paper badge
[![Code of Paper](https://codeofpaper.com/badge/2509.09037.svg)](https://codeofpaper.com/paper/2509.09037)

Discussion