Cyclic Counterfactuals under Shift-Scale Interventions

Saptarshi Saha, Dhruv Vansraj Rathore, Utpal Garain
10/28/2025
cs.AIcs.LGmath.ST

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Abstract

Most counterfactual inference frameworks traditionally assume acyclic structural causal models (SCMs), i.e. directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). However, many real-world systems (e.g. biological systems) contain feedback loops or cyclic dependencies that violate acyclicity. In this work, we study counterfactual inference in cyclic SCMs under shift-scale interventions, i.e., soft, policy-style changes that rescale and/or shift a variable's mechanism.

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Cite this paper

@article{saha2025cyclic,
  title  = {Cyclic Counterfactuals under Shift-Scale Interventions},
  author = {Saptarshi Saha and Dhruv Vansraj Rathore and Utpal Garain},
  year   = {2025},
  eprint = {2510.25005},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.25005v1}
}

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