STAR: Smartphone-analogous Typing in Augmented Reality

Taejun Kim, Amy Karlson, Aakar Gupta, Tovi Grossman, Jason Wu +4 more
11/26/2025
cs.HCcs.CV

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Abstract

While text entry is an essential and frequent task in Augmented Reality (AR) applications, devising an efficient and easy-to-use text entry method for AR remains an open challenge. This research presents STAR, a smartphone-analogous AR text entry technique that leverages a user's familiarity with smartphone two-thumb typing. With STAR, a user performs thumb typing on a virtual QWERTY keyboard that is overlain on the skin of their hands. During an evaluation study of STAR, participants achieved a mean typing speed of 21.9 WPM (i.e., 56% of their smartphone typing speed), and a mean error rate of 0.3% after 30 minutes of practice. We further analyze the major factors implicated in the performance gap between STAR and smartphone typing, and discuss ways this gap could be narrowed.

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Cite this paper

@article{kim2025star,
  title  = {STAR: Smartphone-analogous Typing in Augmented Reality},
  author = {Taejun Kim and Amy Karlson and Aakar Gupta and Tovi Grossman and Jason Wu and Parastoo Abtahi and Christopher Collins and Michael Glueck and Hemant Bhaskar Surale},
  year   = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.21143},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21143v1}
}

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