Spoken Conversational Agents with Large Language Models

Chao-Han Huck Yang, Andreas Stolcke, Larry Heck
12/2/2025
cs.CLcs.MAcs.NE

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Abstract

Spoken conversational agents are converging toward voice-native LLMs. This tutorial distills the path from cascaded ASR/NLU to end-to-end, retrieval-and vision-grounded systems. We frame adaptation of text LLMs to audio, cross-modal alignment, and joint speech-text training; review datasets, metrics, and robustness across accents and compare design choices (cascaded vs. E2E, post-ASR correction, streaming). We link industrial assistants to current open-domain and task-oriented agents, highlight reproducible baselines, and outline open problems in privacy, safety, and evaluation. Attendees leave with practical recipes and a clear systems-level roadmap.

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@article{yang2025spoken,
  title  = {Spoken Conversational Agents with Large Language Models},
  author = {Chao-Han Huck Yang and Andreas Stolcke and Larry Heck},
  year   = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.02593},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.02593v1}
}

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