Large language models are not about natural language

Johan J. Bolhuis, Andrea Moro, Stephen Crain, Sandiway Fong
12/15/2025
cs.CLq-bio.NC

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Abstract

Large Language Models are useless for linguistics, as they are probabilistic models that require a vast amount of data to analyse externalized strings of words. In contrast, human language is underpinned by a mind-internal computational system that recursively generates hierarchical thought structures. The language system grows with minimal external input and can readily distinguish between real language and impossible languages.

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Cite this paper

@article{bolhuis2025large,
  title  = {Large language models are not about natural language},
  author = {Johan J. Bolhuis and Andrea Moro and Stephen Crain and Sandiway Fong},
  year   = {2025},
  eprint = {2512.13441},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.13441v1}
}

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