A Hybrid Protocol for Large-Scale Semantic Dataset Generation in Low-Resource Languages: The Turkish Semantic Relations Corpus

Ebubekir Tosun, Mehmet Emin Buldur, Özay Ezerceli, Mahmoud ElHussieni
1/19/2026
cs.CLcs.LG

No official code found. Best implementation: ebubekirsoftware/semantic-relations-graphing (0 stars, last commit 2026-01-08).

Abstract

We present a hybrid methodology for generating large-scale semantic relationship datasets in low-resource languages, demonstrated through a comprehensive Turkish semantic relations corpus. Our approach integrates three phases: (1) FastText embeddings with Agglomerative Clustering to identify semantic clusters, (2) Gemini 2.5-Flash for automated semantic relationship classification, and (3) integration with curated dictionary sources. The resulting dataset comprises 843,000 unique Turkish semantic pairs across three relationship types (synonyms, antonyms, co-hyponyms) representing a 10x scale increase over existing resources at minimal cost ($65). We validate the dataset through two downstream tasks: an embedding model achieving 90% top-1 retrieval accuracy and a classification model attaining 90% F1-macro. Our scalable protocol addresses critical data scarcity in Turkish NLP and demonstrates applicability to other low-resource languages. We publicly release the dataset and models.

View on arXivView PDF

Code Implementations(1)

ebubekirsoftware/semantic-relations-graphingCommunity57%

Framework for "A Hybrid Protocol for Large-Scale Semantic Dataset Generation in Low-Resource Languages: The Turkish Semantic Relations Corpus" paper.

00PythonJan 5, 20269 months ago

Similar Papers

Beyond Cosine Similarity: Taming Semantic Drift and Antonym Intrusion in a 15-Million Node Turkish Synonym Graph

81% match2026

TurkEmbed: Turkish Embedding Model on NLI & STS Tasks

79% match2025

Relation Extraction Capabilities of LLMs on Clinical Text: A Bilingual Evaluation for English and Turkish

79% match2026

Bridging the Bosphorus: Advancing Turkish Large Language Models through Strategies for Low-Resource Language Adaptation and Benchmarking

78% match2024

TurkColBERT: A Benchmark of Dense and Late-Interaction Models for Turkish Information Retrieval

78% match2025

Setting Standards in Turkish NLP: TR-MMLU for Large Language Model Evaluation

78% match2024

Cite this paper

@article{tosun2026hybrid,
  title  = {A Hybrid Protocol for Large-Scale Semantic Dataset Generation in Low-Resource Languages: The Turkish Semantic Relations Corpus},
  author = {Ebubekir Tosun and Mehmet Emin Buldur and Özay Ezerceli and Mahmoud ElHussieni},
  year   = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.13253},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.13253v1}
}

Add a badge to your README

Shows whether official code is linked for this paper.

Code of Paper badge
[![Code of Paper](https://codeofpaper.com/badge/2601.13253.svg)](https://codeofpaper.com/paper/2601.13253)

Discussion