ContextEvolve: Multi-Agent Context Compression for Systems Code Optimization

Hongyuan Su, Yu Zheng, Yong Li
2/1/2026
cs.LGcs.AI

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Abstract

Large language models are transforming systems research by automating the discovery of performance-critical algorithms for computer systems. Despite plausible codes generated by LLMs, producing solutions that meet the stringent correctness and performance requirements of systems demands iterative optimization. Test-time reinforcement learning offers high search efficiency but requires parameter updates infeasible under API-only access, while existing training-free evolutionary methods suffer from inefficient context utilization and undirected search. We introduce ContextEvolve, a multi-agent framework that achieves RL-level search efficiency under strict parameter-blind constraints by decomposing optimization context into three orthogonal dimensions: a Summarizer Agent condenses semantic state via code-to-language abstraction, a Navigator Agent distills optimization direction from trajectory analysis, and a Sampler Agent curates experience distribution through prioritized exemplar retrieval. This orchestration forms a functional isomorphism with RL-mapping to state representation, policy gradient, and experience replay-enabling principled optimization in a textual latent space. On the ADRS benchmark, ContextEvolve outperforms state-of-the-art baselines by 33.3% while reducing token consumption by 29.0%. Codes for our work are released at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/ContextEvolve-ACC

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@article{su2026contextevolve,
  title  = {ContextEvolve: Multi-Agent Context Compression for Systems Code Optimization},
  author = {Hongyuan Su and Yu Zheng and Yong Li},
  year   = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.02597},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02597v1}
}

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