Vision-Language Models vs Human: Perceptual Image Quality Assessment

Abstract

Psychophysical experiments remain the most reliable approach for perceptual image quality assessment (IQA), yet their cost and limited scalability encourage automated approaches. We investigate whether Vision Language Models (VLMs) can approximate human perceptual judgments across three image quality scales: contrast, colorfulness and overall preference. Six VLMs four proprietary and two openweight models are benchmarked against psychophysical data. This work presents a systematic benchmark of VLMs for perceptual IQA through comparison with human psychophysical data. The results reveal strong attribute dependent variability models with high human alignment for colorfulness (ρup to 0.93) underperform on contrast and vice-versa. Attribute weighting analysis further shows that most VLMs assign higher weights to colorfulness compared to contrast when evaluating overall preference similar to the psychophysical data. Intramodel consistency analysis reveals a counterintuitive tradeoff: the most self consistent models are not necessarily the most human aligned suggesting response variability reflects sensitivity to scene dependent perceptual cues. Furthermore, human-VLM agreement is increased with perceptual separability, indicating VLMs are more reliable when stimulus differences are clearly expressed.