Challenges and opportunities for AI to help deliver fusion energy

Adriano Agnello, Helen Brooks, Cyd Cowley, Iulia Georgescu, Alex Higginbottom +3 more
3/26/2026
physics.plasm-phcs.AI

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Abstract

There is great potential for the application of AI tools in fusion research, and substantial worldwide benefit if fusion power is realised. However, using AI comes with its own challenges, many of which can be mitigated if responsible and robust methodologies are built into existing approaches. To do that requires close, long-term collaborations between fusion domain experts and AI developers and awareness of the fact that not all problems in fusion research are best tackled with AI tools. In April 2025, experts from academia, industry, UKAEA and STFC discussed how AI can be used to advance R&D in fusion energy at the first edition of The Economist FusionFest event. This Perspective is an expanded and updated summary of the round table discussion, providing more context and examples.

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Cite this paper

@article{agnello2026challenges,
  title  = {Challenges and opportunities for AI to help deliver fusion energy},
  author = {Adriano Agnello and Helen Brooks and Cyd Cowley and Iulia Georgescu and Alex Higginbottom and Richard Pearson and Tara Shears and Melanie Windridge},
  year   = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.25777},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25777v1}
}

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