EnTaCs: Analyzing the Relationship Between Sentiment and Language Choice in English-Tamil Code-Switching

Paul Bontempo
3/27/2026
cs.CL

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Abstract

This paper investigates the relationship between utterance sentiment and language choice in English-Tamil code-switched text, using methods from machine learning and statistical modelling. We apply a fine-tuned XLM-RoBERTa model for token-level language identification on 35,650 romanized YouTube comments from the DravidianCodeMix dataset, producing per-utterance measurements of English proportion and language switch frequency. Linear regression analysis reveals that positive utterances exhibit significantly greater English proportion (34.3%) than negative utterances (24.8%), and mixed-sentiment utterances show the highest language switch frequency when controlling for utterance length. These findings support the hypothesis that emotional content demonstrably influences language choice in multilingual code-switching settings, due to socio-linguistic associations of prestige and identity with embedded and matrix languages.

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Cite this paper

@article{bontempo2026entacs,
  title  = {EnTaCs: Analyzing the Relationship Between Sentiment and Language Choice in English-Tamil Code-Switching},
  author = {Paul Bontempo},
  year   = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.26587},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.26587v1}
}

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