Coconstructions in spoken data: UD annotation guidelines and first results

Ludovica Pannitto, Sylvain Kahane, Kaja Dobrovoljc, Elena Battaglia, Bruno Guillaume +2 more
3/30/2026
cs.CL

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Abstract

The paper proposes annotation guidelines for syntactic dependencies that span across speaker turns - including collaborative coconstructions proper, wh-question answers, and backchannels - in spoken language treebanks within the Universal Dependencies framework. Two representations are proposed: a speaker-based representation following the segmentation into speech turns, and a dependency-based representation with dependencies across speech turns. New propositions are also put forward to distinguish between reformulations and repairs, and to promote elements in unfinished phrases.

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Cite this paper

@article{pannitto2026coconstructions,
  title  = {Coconstructions in spoken data: UD annotation guidelines and first results},
  author = {Ludovica Pannitto and Sylvain Kahane and Kaja Dobrovoljc and Elena Battaglia and Bruno Guillaume and Caterina Mauri and Eleonora Zucchini},
  year   = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.28261},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28261v1}
}

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