The ATOM Report: Measuring the Open Language Model Ecosystem

Nathan Lambert, Florian Brand
4/8/2026
cs.CYcs.AIcs.LG

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Abstract

We present a comprehensive adoption snapshot of the leading open language models and who is building them, focusing on the ~1.5K mainline open models from the likes of Alibaba's Qwen, DeepSeek, Meta's Llama, that are the foundation of an ecosystem crucial to researchers, entrepreneurs, and policy advisors. We document a clear trend where Chinese models overtook their counterparts built in the U.S. in the summer of 2025 and subsequently widened the gap over their western counterparts. We study a mix of Hugging Face downloads and model derivatives, inference market share, performance metrics and more to make a comprehensive picture of the ecosystem.

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Cite this paper

@article{lambert2026atom,
  title  = {The ATOM Report: Measuring the Open Language Model Ecosystem},
  author = {Nathan Lambert and Florian Brand},
  year   = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.07190},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.07190v1}
}

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