MedScribe: Clinically Grounded CT Reporting through Agentic Workflows

Abstract

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown potential for automated radiology report generation, yet existing approaches rely on global embedding compression of volumetric data, often leading to hallucinated findings and limited anatomical grounding in 3D CT imaging. We introduce MedScribe, a hypothesis-driven framework that reformulates report generation as an iterative evidence acquisition process rather than a single-pass encoding task. MedScribe models reporting as a sequential decision process in which a large language model dynamically invokes pathology-specific diagnostic tools to extract localized volumetric features. These structured features are used to query a multidimensional retrieval space aligned with pathology-specific textual evidence. By explicitly accumulating quantitative evidence prior to synthesis, the framework enforces fine-grained grounding and reduces unsupported claims. Without task-specific fine-tuning, MedScribe improves clinical accuracy, factual consistency, and interpretability on CT-RATE and RadChestCT compared to state-of-the-art 2D and 3D VLMs, demonstrating the value of hypothesis-driven reasoning for reliable medical image reporting.