100,000+ Movie Reviews from Kazakhstan: Russian, Kazakh, and Code-Switched Texts

Rustem Yeshpanov
5/9/2026
cs.CL
transformer-attention

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Abstract

We present a new publicly available corpus of 100,502 movie reviews from Kazakhstan collected from kino.kz, spanning 2001-2025 and covering 4,943 unique titles. The dataset is multilingual, consisting mainly of Russian reviews alongside Kazakh and code-switched texts. Reviews are manually annotated for language and sentiment polarity, and 11,309 reviews additionally contain explicit user-provided ratings. We define two sentiment tasks -- three-way polarity classification and five-class score classification -- and benchmark classical BoW/TF-IDF baselines against multilingual transformer models (mBERT, XLM-RoBERTa, RemBERT). Experimental results show that transformer models consistently outperform classical baselines on polarity classification, while score classification remains challenging under leakage-controlled evaluation due to severe class imbalance and subtle distinctions between adjacent rating levels.

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Cite this paper

@article{yeshpanov2026,
  title  = {100,000+ Movie Reviews from Kazakhstan: Russian, Kazakh, and Code-Switched Texts},
  author = {Rustem Yeshpanov},
  year   = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.08600},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.08600v2}
}

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