An Exploratory Study into using Machine-Learning for Fast Step-by-step Emulation of Numerical Mechanical Thrombectomy Simulations for Ischemic Stroke

Abstract

The treatment of ischemic stroke using mechanical thrombectomy involves difficult decisions under intense time constraints. Numerical physics simulations can in theory inform operators to make better decisions regarding treatment approaches and device selection, but are too slow to do so in practice. In this thesis, we investigate if current machine learning based surrogates can accurately emulate these simulations in a step-by-step manner while making them significantly faster. To do this we train three surrogate models on two simulations that involve a simplified aspiration procedure, with varying levels of geometric complexity. Our results show that two of our models accurately predict singular simulation steps and provide substantial speedups, especially when combined with specific data augmentations. However, the models showed a lack of stability when emulating simulations with complex geometries over longer time periods. Overall, this work provides a foundation for future studies to develop stable methods that scale to realistic numerical physics simulations of mechanical thrombectomy.