CaM-Wolf: Causal-Aware Multimodal Agents for Social Deduction Games

Abstract

Social deduction games (SDGs) such as Werewolf have become challenging testbeds for AI agents. These games require complex social skills such as reasoning, deception, and collaboration. While recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have driven significant progress in SDG agents, current approaches are predominantly text-based, overlooking the multimodal nature that is fundamental to human social interaction. To bridge this gap, we introduce CaM-Wolf, the first SDG agent that integrates multimodal perception and generation. CaM-Wolf processes video inputs from other players, employs a causal-aware Reasoner trained via reinforcement learning to establish logical chains between observable behaviors and hidden roles, and presents itself through an animated avatar. Our experiments and user study show that CaM-Wolf achieves superior agent gameplay performance and enhances the quality of human-AI interaction. This work represents a significant advancement towards creating more human-like AI agents capable of participating in nuanced social dynamics. Our code is available at https://3dagentworld.github.io/avatar_wolf.