When Old Facts Return: Re-Reads, Reverts, and the Limits of Temporal Memory

Abstract

A memory system can retire an obsolete value and later restore it merely because the same old statement appears again. A re-read of an old source and a genuine revert can produce the same observed sequence of values while requiring opposite current answers. We study this ambiguity on 130 extractor-selected atomic transitions derived from software fixes. In the ordinary transition condition, identity-based temporal memory reaches 98.5% model-judged accuracy with zero observed errors under a literal stale-value proxy. Appending a verbatim re-read of the old statement reduces accuracy to 10.8% and raises the stale-value rate to 88.5%. A guard that refuses to reactivate a previously retired value restores accuracy to 97.7% and reduces that rate to 0.8% in this constructed re-read condition. The guard cannot also recognize a legitimate revert without additional change provenance. Two supporting studies examine exposing retired history to the answer model and supplying current source for changed behavior. An exploratory extraction study over 707 software fixes provides scope context, not a universal coverage estimate. The design implication is to distinguish an observation of a value from evidence that the value changed. Selected inputs, aggregate-only answer records, related-family judges and a post-failure guard evaluation limit the conclusions to the retained experiments.