Segment Where You Look: Attention as the Interface Between Language Models and Segmenters

Abstract

Vision-language models (VLMs) that segment from language must pass the location of the referent to a pixel decoder. The dominant interface compresses it into the hidden state of a single [SEG] token, a d-dimensional vector with no spatial index, and leaves the decoder, which never sees the expression, to recover the referent's extent. We show that the VLM already computes a better signal: the [SEG] token's attention over the image tokens, which is defined on the patch grid by construction. Probing a frozen segmentation VLM, we find that this attention yields 18 to 22 more gIoU than the [SEG] hidden state when read by the same probe, that it gains nothing from the image where the hidden state does, and that it is concentrated in the late layers. Building on these findings, we introduce AttnSeg, which replaces the [SEG] embedding with this attention as the decoder's prompt. A learned, signed combination of the attention heads forms a dense spatial prompt, and an attention-guidance objective supervises it directly. A two-stage recipe first trains the VLM to localize without the decoder, then trains the decoder to refine, within the budget of standard fine-tuning. Applied to Sa2VA, AttnSeg improves ReasonSeg by 6.4 gIoU and GS-Eval by 10.2 at 4B (4.2 and 9.6 over the same model fine-tuned on the same data), and by 8.8 and 11.3 at 14B. The gains reach 13 to 18 gIoU on object parts, multiple objects, and single objects, where the referent must be singled out, and are negligible on stuff regions, which the decoder already recovers unaided. Code and models are available at https://eslambakr.github.io/attseg_project_page/