Benchmarking Arabic Dialects for Math Problems

Abstract

Mathematical reasoning remains underexplored for low-resource languages, including Dialectal Arabic. To bridge this gap, we introduce the DAR-MGSM (Dialectal Arabic Multilingual Grade School Math) Benchmark, the first manually curated benchmark for evaluating mathematical reasoning in Dialectal Arabic. DAR-MGSM consists of math word problems (MWPs) requiring multi-step reasoning and covers five major Arabic dialects alongside Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). The benchmark comprises two parallel versions: translated-only and translated & culturally localized. The latter version adapts entities and references to regional varieties. We evaluate eleven Arabic-centric and multilingual large language models on DAR-MGSM. The results show that the performance generally declines on the localized version, highlighting the challenges introduced by culturally grounded adaptations. However, the magnitude of this effect varies across models, with Arabic-centric models exhibiting different levels of sensitivity to localization. A mechanistic interpretability analysis shows that translated and localized variants of the same MWPs often induce distinct internal reasoning trajectories, even when aggregate accuracy remains similar. Overall, our results show that mathematical reasoning performance depends on both linguistic variety and cultural context.