From Fragmentation to Integration: Exploring the Design Space of AI Agents for Human-as-the-Unit Privacy Management

Eryue Xu, Tianshi Li
2/4/2026
cs.HCcs.AIcs.CY

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Abstract

Managing one's digital footprint is overwhelming, as it spans multiple platforms and involves countless context-dependent decisions. Recent advances in agentic AI offer ways forward by enabling holistic, contextual privacy-enhancing solutions. Building on this potential, we adopted a ''human-as-the-unit'' perspective and investigated users' cross-context privacy challenges through 12 semi-structured interviews. Results reveal that people rely on ad hoc manual strategies while lacking comprehensive privacy controls, highlighting nine privacy-management challenges across applications, temporal contexts, and relationships. To explore solutions, we generated nine AI agent concepts and evaluated them via a speed-dating survey with 116 US participants. The three highest-ranked concepts were all post-sharing management tools with half or full agent autonomy, with users expressing greater trust in AI accuracy than in their own efforts. Our findings highlight a promising design space where users see AI agents bridging the fragments in privacy management, particularly through automated, comprehensive post-sharing remediation of users' digital footprints.

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@article{xu2026from,
  title  = {From Fragmentation to Integration: Exploring the Design Space of AI Agents for Human-as-the-Unit Privacy Management},
  author = {Eryue Xu and Tianshi Li},
  year   = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.05016},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url    = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.05016v2}
}

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